Wu Zetian (625–705 CE) stands as one of the most remarkable and controversial figures in Chinese history. She was the only woman in China to ever rule as emperor in her own right. Her reign as the sole monarch of the Tang Dynasty has been the subject of both admiration and criticism throughout history, and her legacy continues to provoke discussion on power, gender, and the complexities of political rule. This article explores the life of Wu Zetian, her rise to power, her reign, and the lasting impact of her leadership, as well as the animosity and suspicion that surrounded her during and after her time in power.

Early Life and Rise to Power

Wu Zetian was born in 625 CE into a relatively humble family. Her early years were spent in the service of the imperial court, first as a concubine to Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, and later, after his death, as a concubine to his successor, Emperor Gaozong. Although she initially lived a life expected of many women in the imperial harem, Wu’s ambition and intelligence soon became apparent.

After Emperor Taizong’s death in 649, Wu was sent to a convent, a common fate for former concubines. However, she had other plans. Through a combination of political maneuvering and her formidable ambition, Wu was able to return to the palace under the new emperor, Gaozong. As a concubine, she quickly rose in prominence and became Emperor Gaozong's favorite, even managing to bear him two sons. Over time, Wu's influence in the court grew stronger, and she became an integral figure in Gaozong's administration.

Wu Zetian’s power truly began to take shape after Emperor Gaozong suffered a debilitating stroke in the 660s. While Gaozong’s health deteriorated, Wu became increasingly involved in the governance of the empire, effectively ruling in his stead. Her political skill and ability to maneuver in the complex court politics earned her both loyal supporters and fierce enemies. shutdown123